The article presents the results of the analysis of international legal regulation of the protection of freedom of speech, the right to freedom of expression within the UN and the Council of Europe. A comparative analysis of the definition of the right to express views and beliefs in various international legal acts was made. The case law of the European Court of Human Rights in cases related to the exercise of the right to express one's views and beliefs on the (...) Internet was considered. The analysis of the legislation of foreign countries regulating the right to express views and beliefs online was carried out. The materials of the article are of practical value for scientists and practitioners dealing with the issues of legal regulation of freedom of speech, the right to express views and beliefs, for forecasting and planning scientific research, improving legislation, for higher education teachers in educational activities, as well as for all interested persons. (shrink)

The article analyzes the ideological support of the life cycle of the industrial education system. The dynamics of such a system in time is estimated, as well as the influence of ideology on the formation of the information education system at the beginning of the XXI century. The life cycle of education is considered as a multi-stage process, which is characterized by both unpredictable changes in its properties and the presence of predictable parameters. The development of the education system is (...) mediated by the division of social labor and is limited in time and space by the properties of the “social organism” of a particular civilization. The life cycle of the industrial education system consists of four stages: origin ; growth ; maturity ; decline. At the stage of origin, dominated predominantly the religious-state form of ideology, which was spontaneous in origin, did not have a formalized ideologeme and was initiated from religious consciousness, as well as theological philosophy, cultivated a matrix of religious values. At this stage the state, although it participated in the management of human behavior, was in secondary roles and performed the corresponding functions with the help of violence. At the stage of growth, ideology received a theoretical basis, corresponding social movements also appeared, the most powerful of which were liberalism and Marxism, formed two ideologically opposite social systems: capitalist and socialist. At the stage of maturity, ideology brought social systems to the plane of technocratism, which happened as a result of maximizing the role of science and rationality. Because of this, other ways of producing socially significant ideas were blocked, that is, their sources such as art, theater, cinema, religion, etc. At the stage of decline, the ideology of radical rationalism found itself in the horizon of the ideas of multiculturalism. Since powerful migratory movements of the population arose on the territory of the African, European and American continents, these processes naturally raised the question of new cross-cultural social structures, as well as the modernization of systems of modern general and vocational education. (shrink)

The article is devoted to the origin problems of the topographical descriptions ofKharkovprovince of the last quarter of XVIII century and the definition of their origin bases. The historical circumstances that have been led to appearance of this groups of documents were defined by the author, the basic customer documents of realization the topographical descriptions, a number of authors of the topographical descriptions ofKharkovprovince were defined.

The study relevance lies in the fact, that the prestige and success functioning of the high education national system depends on both the teacher and the high education institution. Such requirements make it necessary to purposefully prepare future high school teachers for creating their own effective professional and pedagogical image. Modern society perceives image as a political and socio-cultural category. Image acts as a link between the individual and the audience. At the same time, it serves as a reflection of (...) both the audience interests and the professional interests, seeking to combine these interests, to move away from the unilateral pressure from above, typical of a totalitarian state. A recent research’s and publications’ analysis. In the study we consider the essence of a specialist’s professional image and his effective self-presentation features, which are presented in the works of I. Alekhin, V. Bebik, M. Vudkoka, F. Genov, F. Kuzina, N. Skripachenko, E. Utkin, D. Francis. The scientific achievements in the pedagogical image formation and a high school teacher’s "professional image" of such scholars as I. Volodarska, N. Guzy, A. Morozov, S. Panchuk, V. Khoroshikh, O. Chebikin, I. Chertikova deserve attention. An unexplored parts of a common problem s election - regularities in the development of the educational personnel pedagogical skills and a formation of professionally important qualities in future managers. The study foundation - the basic scheme for the individual image formation, is represent a novelty. The professional and pedagogical teacher image ensures a high social prestige and success of national system, which is simultaneously based on the strict requirements that the target audience puts forward. The study’s aim is to analyze the influence of personality characteristics on a professional image formation. The main material presentation. The modern image perception analysis is carried out not only in economic, but also in political and socio-cultural categories; presents the "image" definition; it was found that the image can be divided into two types: the ideal and the real analyzed sign systems, contribute to the image’s creation; highlighted the main image management types, which has a positive effect on the leader image and the whole team work’s result; selected elements in the individual with the personalization strategy of building a favorable image; it is established that the image has a very clear attachment to this time, reflecting even the nuances of changes in public opinion. The research methodology was made by methods of analysis and generalization. Conclusions - a concept has been formed in which a person must clearly maintain his image and the corresponding actions and actions. (shrink)

One of the key consequences of the introduction of political reforms in the USSR within the framework of perebudovnih innovations, was the revival of Ukrainian national consciousness, which weakened the political principles of the ruling CPSU-CPU and caused his active opposition to attempts to restore the state independence of Ukraine. The most poignant of these processes have been deployed in Western Ukraine, where ethnic consciousness was dominant. Therefore, scientific exploration sets causes and traces the dynamic deployment of national-religious revival among (...) patriotic minded public of zakarpatska oblast of Ukrainian SSR against the background of its perception by the communist leadership in the region in the late 1980-ies. (shrink)

B a c k g r o u n d. The article is devoted to the analysis of the key directions of the study of the possible influence of the specifics of Chinese language culture on the content and nature of intellectual discourse, which is recognized as philosophical. Logic and ontology are the key areas of analysis of the possible influence of linguistic determinants on the intellectual discourse of China. Three main topics that attract the attention of researchers are the (...) structure of judgment, the semantics of lexical units, and the specificity of the pragmatics of the Chinese language. M e t h o d s. The author applied general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and description of the works of researchers of Chinese philosophy, which justify and argue the fruitfulness of studying the peculiarities of Chinese language to explain the reasons of the fundamental difference between the problems actualized in the history of Chinese philosophy and those that formed the basis of the development of the history of philosophy in the Western world. R e s u l t s. It is generally accepted that for the worldview of representatives of Chinese culture, the world is a structural whole, consisting of elements that continuously interact in the dynamics of changes and transformations, we find a reflection of this feature in the semantics of the corresponding symbolic system. Polysemy in the Chinese language mostly reveals a complex and multi-layered "web" of associative and correlative connections between meanings, which in fact cannot be argued outside the context of the relevant cultural tradition indicating common features or similarities of the signified. The doubt about the typicality of understanding the denotations as fixed and atomized for the Chinese language culture is reasonable, even in those cases when it comes to the designation of empirically accessible objectivity. The main specific features of polysemy in the Chinese language are the complete heterogeneity of what is signified, and the lack of transparent grounds for identifying the genus-species subordination of the scope of general concepts. This can also serve as an explanation for the fact that we do not find a completely obvious and nondisputable analogue of the problem of universals of the Western model in the history of Chinese philosophy. C o n c l u s i o n s. Based on the peculiarities of the Chinese language culture, we can recognize as a reasonable a statement that the seemingly natural understanding of the essence – the subject, as something that remains the same (at least for a certain time), but it undergoes some changes through its manifestations – a predicate (properties and actions). It is not as necessary and axiomatic for Chinese thinkers as, for example, for ancient Greek philosophers. In addition, we can recognize the fact that the verb "to exist" does not fulfill the role of a necessary copula in judgments in the Chinese language, as a probable reason for the lack of fundamental problematization of the concept of "being" in the Chinese history of philosophy. In general, the context of the use of a certain word-sign in the Chinese language plays a determining role. The actualization of one or another meaning in an expression is formed not only by its integration into a certain text, but also by its purpose in accordance with the specific practice of application. Therefore, this can serve as an explanation for the absence of an original and axiomatic interpretation of truth as absolute, that is, unchanging and non-relative in the history of Chinese philosophy. (shrink)

In Ukraine, in October 1921, Metropolitan Vasyl Lipkivsky was quipped by the UAOC, which in the 1930s was completely liquidated in Ukraine. In 1924, Metropolitan Vasyl Lipkovsky sent to the United States Archbishop I. Theodorovich, who organized the UPA of the parish in the USA and Canada, and thus created the UAOC on the American continent. In his letter to Archbishop Ioan Teodorovich on March 27, 1946, Bishop Mstislav wrote: "... solemnly declare that I recognize the grace of (...) the hierarchy of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in the United States of America and in Canada, the hierarchy that has renewed the function of the episcopal serving as the act of the First All-Ukrainian Orthodox Church Council in Kyiv, in the month of October 1921, as well as the sanctity of all the mysteries of the Church by that hierarchy of completed and completed in the past Church. "Unfortunately, it must be said that Archbishop Mstislav very much Ro broke his solemn affirmation of "the observance of the Autocephaly of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the United States of America and in Canada, and the church and people's sovereignty of its system.". (shrink)

Below, suggested thoughts were expressed by me when I just learned about an irreparable event - the departure from the earthly existence of pastor Peter Konstantinovich Martyanov. Since then, it's hard to imagine now, two years. Time spell is inexorable. But there is a higher flow of time. It is human honor and memory. The good deeds of man live uncountably for a long time as an embodiment of the memory of her. And a man lives as much as he (...) will remember about his good deeds. So - everyone chooses in his earthly existence his own way. The Path of eternal Remembrance of your own good deeds, or the unlucky darkness of your own evil deeds. Peter Konstantinovich always served God, and hence - people. Therefore, he will be remembered with respect and remembered by a good word and after leaving the earthly life. Therefore, on the deadline of September 7, the religious scholars of Ukraine, with whom he worked fruitfully to establish tolerance in interfaith relations in the Odessa region, was to be honored, to honor the light of the memory of the man who did so much for the establishment of Ukrainian unbiased religious studies, who was not afraid to be righteous and sincere then When it was not easy, who was not afraid, as Vasyl Stus once articulated, to be "self-fulfilling". (shrink)

The article refers to a long-standing dispute over the relations between the two orders of study of Plato’s dialogues in the Prologue of Albinus (Ch. V and Ch. VI, respectively). The dominant solu- tions are identified: 1) the acceptance of the first curriculum as «for amateurs» and the second curriculum as «for professional platonists» (J. Freudenthal, O. Nüsser, J. Mansfeld); 2) the treat- ment of the first course as a short introduction to the second (B. Reis). On the grounds of (...) the obvious weaknesses of both positions and the lack of textual evidence, a change of perspective is suggested. The author argues that there was no need to coordinate these curricula, since the second curriculum was the only one that Albinus promoted, and the first, which focused on a non-exist- ent «ideal student», served as a «model». In addition, the author proves that Albinus did not offer for study the entire Plato’s dialogues, but only seven of these dialogues in the 5 stages of the second curriculum. (shrink)

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 1469-1527-Criticism and interpretation ; Political science-Translating.